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Identify the main component of each of the regions P, Q and R shown in Figure 4.2.
See it on the paper →Explain how the structure of the muscular artery shown in Figure 4.1 and Figure 4.2 is related to its function.
See it on the paper →Describe how the appearance of a TS through the aorta of a mammal differs from the appearance of the TS of the muscular artery shown in Figure 4.1.
See it on the paper →The student also investigated transverse sections of lung tissue. State one feature of the wall of a bronchus that is not found in the wall of an artery in lung tissue. Turn over
See it on the paper →Name the type of cell shown in Figure 2.1 that forms the capillary wall.
See it on the paper →The diagrams in Figure 5.1 represent three types of circulatory system, G, H and J, found in animals. Figure 5.1 State which of the letters, G, H or J, in Figure 5.1 represents the circulatory system found in mammals. Give two reasons for your choice.
See it on the paper →Inthe kidney, ultrafiltration occurs when blood enters the glomerulus through the afferent arteriole. Describe the process of ultrafiltration.
See it on the paper →Describe and explain how the tunica media (middle layer of the wall) of blood vessel X adapts the blood vessel for its function.
See it on the paper →Blood vessel X receives blood from an artery. Name the type of blood vessel represented by X.
See it on the paper →Describe the formation of tissue fluid in the capillary network of the villus.
See it on the paper →Describe the sequence of events occurring in the heart that allows blood returning in the pulmonary circulation to then enter the systemic circulation. You should include in your description: • • the names of the relevant blood vessels of the pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation that are connected to the hear...
See it on the paper →A student studied the structure of a mammalian heart. The student took a photograph of the left side of a dissected heart as shown in Fig. 6.1. Fig. 6.1 Identify two features of the left side of the heart visible in Fig. 6.1 and explain how each feature is adapted to the function of the heart. feature explanation featu...
See it on the paper →Cardiac muscle is described as myogenic. This means the electrical activity controlling the rhythm of a regular heartbeat begins within the muscle tissue of the heart. Describe how electrical activity within the heart controls each heartbeat.
See it on the paper →Describe two functions of tissue fluid.
See it on the paper →With reference to Fig. 6.2, describe how tissue fluid is formed.
See it on the paper →Complete Table 8.1.
See it on the paper →Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the cells of the heart. The passage outlines the cardiac cycle of the heart and the structures in the heart that control the cycle. Complete the passage by using the most appropriate scientific terms. The sinoatrial node is located in the wall of the , one of four chambers o...
See it on the paper →With reference to the chambers of the heart and the main blood vessels, describe the flow of blood through the heart that occurs when the transverse section of the heart appears as shown in Fig. 3.1.
See it on the paper →Give a reason for your answer. stage of cardiac cycle reason (b) Identify the stage of the cardiac cycle shown in Fig. 3.2.
See it on the paper →The rate and rhythm of the heartbeat are controlled by an area of specialised muscle tissue in the wall of the right atrium, called the sinoatrial node. Describe the sequence of events that control contraction of the ventricles during the cardiac cycle.
See it on the paper →The most effective responses were limited to descriptions of the flow of blood through the heart at the stage shown in Fig. 3.1. A proportion of responses included explanations of what was happening, rather than descriptions, which was not required. Some responses referred to the atrium and the ventricle, rather than atria and ventricles, which did not convey a complete understanding of the flow o...
— Examiner report, February/March 2025, 9700/22 Q3(a)(ii) (Cambridge)
Many candidates knew the stage of the cardiac cycle shown in Fig. 3.2 and went on to give a correct reason related either to the closed atrioventricular valves or the open semilunar valves.
— Examiner report, February/March 2025, 9700/22 Q3(b) (Cambridge)
Many responses gave detailed accounts of the sequence of events that control contraction of the ventricles. Most also noted that both ventricles contract together. Some responses omitted key events, and not all referred to events in the correct sequence.
— Examiner report, February/March 2025, 9700/22 Q3(c) (Cambridge)
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