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Sodium reacts with chlorine to make the ionic compound sodium chloride, NaCl. Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the ions in sodium chloride. You only need to show the outer-shell electrons. Include the charges on the ions.
See it on the paper →Fig. 6.2 shows a chlorine molecule and a sodium chloride lattice. sodium ion Cl + – Cl + – + – + – + + – – + – + – + – + – + – chloride ion + Fig. 6.2 Explain why chlorine is a gas at room temperature but sodium chloride is a solid at room temperature. Use ideas about: • • the bonding in sodium chloride and in chlorine...
See it on the paper →Oxides can be classified as acidic, basic or amphoteric. Explain your answer. classification explanation Classify magnesium oxide.
See it on the paper →Fig. 8.1 shows the electronic configuration of a sodium atom and a chlorine atom. sodium atom chlorine atom Fig. 8.1 A sodium ion and a chloride ion are formed when a sodium atom reacts with a chlorine atom. Complete the dot-and-cross diagrams in Fig. 8.2 to show the electronic configurations of a sodium ion and a chlo...
See it on the paper →Complete the sentence about ionic bonds. An ionic bond is a electrostatic attraction between
See it on the paper →Which elements react together to form an ionic compound?
See it on the paper →Substance Z is the ionic compound sodium chloride, NaCl. Draw a dot‑and‑cross diagram to show the ionic bonding in sodium chloride.
Stronger candidates knew the classification. Common incorrect responses included basic because magnesium is reactive, basic because magnesium is unreactive, amphoteric because there is a metal and a non-metal and acidic because magnesium is a metal.
— Examiner report, May/June 2025, 0654/43 Q6(b) (Cambridge)
Many candidates drew clear dot-and-cross diagrams to show the electronic configurations of a sodium ion and a chloride ion. Some candidates forgot to include the charges on the ions.
— Examiner report, February/March 2025, 0654/32 Q8(c) (Cambridge)
Some candidates did not know what to put for the first gap and this was often omitted. The attraction being between oppositely charged ions was more well known. Occasionally candidates incorrectly described the ions as either positive or negative or differently charged which was ignored.
— Examiner report, February/March 2025, 0654/42 Q5(c)(i) (Cambridge)
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Chlorine reacts with sodium to form the compound sodium chloride. Sodium has the electronic structure 2.8.1. Chlorine has the electronic structure 2.8.7. Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the ions in sodium chloride. Show outer-shell electrons only. Include the charges on the ions.
See it on the paper →Determine the formula of the compound formed by NH 4+ and CO 32– ions. formula =
See it on the paper →Complete the sentences about ionic bonding. Choose words from the list. Each word can be used once, more than once or not at all. chlorine opposite similar lattice oxygen sodium molecular polymer strong negative positive weak If an atom gains electrons a ion is formed. An example of an atom gaining 1 electron to comple...
See it on the paper →Ammonium sulfate contains the ions NH 4+ and SO 42– . Determine the formula of ammonium sulfate. formula =
See it on the paper →Put a circle around each of the bonds which are made when the reaction takes place.
See it on the paper →Potassium metal reacts with the non-metal bromine to form potassium bromide. Potassium bromide is an ionic compound. Describe how metallic and non-metallic elements form ionic bonds.
See it on the paper →Magnesium reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide, MgO. Magnesium oxide is an ionic compound with a melting point of 2852 °C. Oxygen reacts with hydrogen to form water, H 2 O. Water is a covalent compound with a melting point of 0 °C. Explain the difference in the melting points of magnesium oxide and water in terms...
See it on the paper →Name the type of chemical bonding in potassium chloride.
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