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People with beta thalassaemia do not produce enough haemoglobin. Explain how this causes people with beta thalassaemia to feel tired and lack energy.
See it on the paper →A person has a lower than average number of white blood cells. This person is more likely to become ill when infected by a pathogen than a person with an average number of white blood cells. Suggest two reasons why.
See it on the paper →Describe the role of platelets in protecting the body from infection.
See it on the paper →State the function of cell B in Fig. 3.2.
See it on the paper →Fig. 4.1 shows some blood cells seen using a light microscope. A Fig. 4.1 State the names and functions of the types of white blood cells labelled A and B in Fig. 4.1. blood cell A name function B blood cell B name function
See it on the paper →State two functions of white blood cells.
See it on the paper →State one function of white blood cells.
See it on the paper →Fig. 4.2 is a photomicrograph of blood. B A Fig. 4.2 State the names and functions of the two types of cells, A and B, shown in Fig. 4.2. cell type A name function cell type B name function
Comprehensive responses • Some candidates suggested a correct link between a lower white blood count, pathogens and possible illness. • Good answers mentioned fewer antibodies and pathogens not being removed. Limited responses • Some candidates gave inaccurate descriptions of the link between a lower white blood count, pathogens and possible illness such as the antibodies fighting the pathogens r...
— Examiner report, February/March 2026, 0654/32 Q1(c)(iii) (Cambridge)
Some of the candidates misidentified the labelled blood cells as red blood cells and platelets. Occasionally candidates confused lymphocytes and phagocytes. The candidates that identified lymphocytes and phagocytes generally could describe the functions of these two blood cells.
— Examiner report, February/March 2025, 0654/42 Q4(b) (Cambridge)
This question was not well answered. Few candidates referred to pathogens, viruses or bacteria being killed, destroyed or engulfed.
— Examiner report, February/March 2024, 0654/32 Q10(d)(ii) (Cambridge)
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Components of blood are responsible for protecting the body from disease‑causing organisms including some strains of bacteria. State the name of the component of blood responsible for: antibody production blood clotting.
See it on the paper →Immersion of cell A in concentrated salt solution changes the shape of the cell. Suggest how this change in shape affects the function of red blood cells in the body.
See it on the paper →Red blood cells have adaptive features for the efficient transport of oxygen. State two of these features.
See it on the paper →State the name of the part of the blood that transports oxygen.
See it on the paper →State the name of the part of the blood that transports hormones.
See it on the paper →State two functions of white blood cells.
See it on the paper →Blood contains four main components. The boxes on the left show the components of blood. The boxes on the right show the functions of each component. Draw lines to link each component with its function. component function plasma antibody production platelet blood clotting red blood cell transport of ions, soluble nutri...
See it on the paper →Describe two ways the structure of a red blood cell is adapted to its function.
See it on the paper →Table 1.1 shows some of the functions of the components of blood. Table 1.1 component of blood function antibody production and phagocytosis promotes blood clotting transport of dissolved nutrients transport of oxygen Complete Table 1.1 by adding the name of the component of blood which has each function.
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