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Osmosis and diffusion are processes that involve movement of particles. State one similarity and one difference between osmosis and diffusion. similarity
See it on the paper →Explain why the farmer digs the soil to ensure there are air spaces in the soil before the seeds are planted.
See it on the paper →Carbon dioxide diffuses into a leaf during gas exchange. State two factors which increase the rate of diffusion during gas exchange.
See it on the paper →Describe one similarity and one difference between diffusion and osmosis. similarity difference
See it on the paper →The aquatic plant releases less oxygen into the water than it produces during photosynthesis. Suggest one reason for this difference.
See it on the paper →Concentration gradients affect the rate of osmosis. Suggest two other factors that affect the rate of osmosis.
See it on the paper →Describe the general trend shown by both dyes in Fig. 4.1.
See it on the paper →The dyes move through the agar by diffusion. The scientists calculate the average rate of diffusion for dye X after 30 seconds as: distance travelled 11 = = 0.37 mm / s time taken 30 Calculate the average rate of diffusion for dye Y after 30 seconds.
Comprehensive responses • Many candidates were able to describe that both diffusion and osmosis involved movement down a concentration gradient. • Some candidates included the presence of a partially permeable membrane in the process of osmosis. Limited responses • Many candidates described osmosis as the movement of water and diffusion as the movement of gases. • Some candidates described osmosi...
— Examiner report, February/March 2026, 0654/42 Q2(a)(i) (Cambridge)
Many candidates were able to state a similarity between diffusion and osmosis such as the movement down a concentration gradient. Fewer candidates could describe a difference.
— Examiner report, May/June 2023, 0654/33 Q10(a)(iii) (Cambridge)
Some candidates did not realise that the plant used some of the oxygen for respiration. Some suggested that it was used by the plant but did not state the process.
— Examiner report, May/June 2023, 0654/41 Q4(d)(iii) (Cambridge)
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Gills are the gas exchange surface in fish. Fig. 1.1 is a photograph of gills in fish. Fig. 1.1 Gills have adaptive features for gas exchange. Use your scientific knowledge and Fig. 1.1 to suggest two of these adaptive features.
See it on the paper →Three factors that can affect the rate of photosynthesis.
See it on the paper →The concept of limiting factors in photosynthesis.
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