The newest 10 of 10 written questions. Open one to see it on the real paper.
Complete the flow chart, using letters P—S from Figure 1.1, to describe the reflex arc. stimulus y relay neurone effector response
See it on the paper →Fig. 4.2 shows an incomplete reflex arc. Complete the reflex arc shown in Fig. 4.2. receptor sensory neurone neurone motor neurone
See it on the paper →Complete the sentences about an immune response to a flu virus infection. Use words from the list. active lymphocytes antibodies passive enzymes pathogens phagocytes The flu virus has antigens on its surface. Proteins with a specific shape bind to antigens. These proteins are called . This causes the virus to be destro...
See it on the paper →Flu vaccinations are used each year to protect people from flu virus infection. Outline how this vaccine gives protection.
See it on the paper →The flu virus reproduces quickly and often mutates. Suggest why a new vaccine is developed every year.
See it on the paper →State the stimulus and the effector that cause the response shown in Fig. 1.2. stimulus effector
See it on the paper →Identify the direction of impulses in parts X and Z by drawing two arrows on Fig. 4.1.
See it on the paper →Place ticks (3) in the boxes to identify all the examples of voluntary actions. eating heart beating sneezing sweating talking
See it on the paper →Motor neurones are part of a reflex arc. Name the two other neurones found in a reflex arc.
See it on the paper →This reaction is a voluntary reaction. This is similar to a reflex arc but involves the brain. In this reaction, suggest the name of the: effector coordinator.
See it on the paper →Candidates found this topic more demanding. The proteins were often given as phagocytes or lymphocytes rather than antibodies; lymphocytes were often given in place of phagocytes and passive given in place of active.
— Examiner report, May/June 2025, 0654/42 Q3(b) (Cambridge)
Candidates generally were able to state that vaccination contains a weakened version of the flu virus. Fewer were able to explain how this triggers an immune response and long-term immunity. There was some confusion between antigens and antibodies. Candidates should take care to ensure they are using the correct scientific terminology.
— Examiner report, May/June 2025, 0654/42 Q3(c) (Cambridge)
This question proved demanding for all but the strongest candidates. A significant number of candidates tried unsuccessfully to explain this in terms of natural selection and the development of resistance. The best responses referred to changing shapes of antigens and the need for new antibodies to match them.
— Examiner report, May/June 2025, 0654/42 Q3(d) (Cambridge)
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