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Place ticks (/) to identify two other methods of transmission of HIV. bitten by infected mosquito from droplets sneezed out by infected host from infected mother to baby during pregnancy infected blood transfusion preparing food with dirty hands touching a contaminated surface
See it on the paper →Circle the term that describes a disease that is passed from one person to another. digestive homeostatic resistant transmissible
See it on the paper →Many bacteria are pathogens. Table 1.1 shows examples of different ways that pathogens are transmitted. Place ticks (/) in all the boxes which identify ways that pathogens are transmitted by direct contact. Table 1.1 method of transmission direct contact air animals blood body fluids contaminated surfaces food
See it on the paper →Table 1.1 shows some methods of transmission. Place ticks (✓) in Table 1.1 to show if each method of transmission is direct contact or indirect. Table 1.1 method of transmission direct contact indirect dirty surfaces (d) Pathogens are transmitted by direct contact or indirectly from one human to another. blood in a cut...
See it on the paper →Calculate the percentage increase in cases between 1998 and 2002 shown in Fig. 4.1. number of new HIV infections in 1998 number of new HIV infections in 2002 percentage increase = %
See it on the paper →Suggest three reasons for the change in the number of new HIV infections between 2002 and 2008 in Fig. 4.1.
See it on the paper →Comprehensive responses • Few candidates identified both methods of pathogen transmission that needed direct contact. Limited responses • Some candidates were able to identify one method. All the incorrect methods were frequently suggested.
— Examiner report, February/March 2026, 0654/32 Q1(c)(i) (Cambridge)
Most could identify that blood from a cut was direct transmission but there was confusion as to whether dirty surfaces and contaminated air were indirect or direct.
— Examiner report, May/June 2025, 0654/32 Q1(d) (Cambridge)
Many candidates correctly determined the number of new HIV infections in 1998 and 2002. Few candidates were able to calculate the percentage increase correctly.
— Examiner report, May/June 2023, 0654/33 Q4(a)(i) (Cambridge)
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