Chromosomes, genes and proteins: past paper questions
Real questions on chromosomes, genes and proteins
The newest 20 of 104 written questions. Open one to see it on the real paper.
- 0610/31 · May/June 2026 · Q4a[3]
The list shows some words or phrases that can be used to describe the inheritance of albinism. Complete Table 4.1 using words or phrases from the list. Each word or phrase may be used once, more than once or not at all. dominant allele heterozygous phenotype homozygous recessive allele example term Aa AA pale skin with...
See it on the paper → - 0610/31 · May/June 2026 · Q4b[2]
Complete Table 4.2 by writing yes or no in each row to show if each pair of alleles results in albinism. Table 4.2 pair of alleles person has albinism (yes or no) AA Aa aa
See it on the paper → - 0610/31 · May/June 2026 · Q4c[2]
People with the alleles AA and Aa have a baby. Complete the genetic diagram in Figure 4.1 to show the percentage chance of having a baby with the alleles Aa. A a A A percentage chance of having a baby with the alleles Aa %
See it on the paper → - 0610/31 · May/June 2026 · Q4d(i)[1]
State where chromosomes are found in human cells.
See it on the paper → - 0610/31 · May/June 2026 · Q4d(ii)[1]
State the two sex chromosomes in humans. and
See it on the paper → - 0610/32 · May/June 2026 · Q5c[1]
If an egg cell is fertilised, state the probability that the offspring will have XX chromosomes.
See it on the paper → - 0610/43 · May/June 2026 · Q3b[5]
Complete the sentences about egg cells by writing words or phrases in the gaps. The egg cell is the female . Egg cells form when a cell divides by the process of . Egg cells have features such as a jelly coat and . The nucleus of an egg cell contains a single set of chromosomes and is therefore described
See it on the paper → - 0610/42 · February/March 2026 · Q5a(ii)[1]
State the term used to describe an individual who has two identical alleles of a particular gene.
See it on the paper → - 0610/32 · October/November 2025 · Q5a[2]
Describe what is meant by the term allele.
See it on the paper → - 0610/32 · October/November 2025 · Q5b[4]
Fig. 5.1 is a pedigree diagram for the inheritance of pod colour in some pea plants. Key green pod yellow pod 4 5 Fig. 5.1 6 7 3 2 1 The possible genotypes for pea pod colour are GG, Gg and gg. Determine the genotypes of individual 1 and individual 2 in Fig. 5.1. Explain how you determined your answer for each individu...
See it on the paper → - 0610/32 · October/November 2025 · Q5c[3]
Two pea plants with the genotype Gg for pod colour are bred together. Complete the Punnett square to determine the possible genotypes of the offspring and calculate the expected phenotypic ratio.
See it on the paper → - 0610/33 · October/November 2025 · Q8b(i)[2]
Describe what is meant by the term gene.
See it on the paper → - 0610/33 · October/November 2025 · Q8b(ii)[1]
Suggest one reason why eyelash length in humans could be an example of discontinuous variation.
See it on the paper → - 0610/33 · October/November 2025 · Q8c(i)[2]
Table 8.1 shows some terms used to describe these genotypes. Place ticks ( ) in the boxes in Table 8.1 to show the correct descriptions for these genotypes. Table 8.1 genotype homozygous dominant heterozygous homozygous recessive ee Ee
See it on the paper → - 0610/33 · October/November 2025 · Q8c(ii)[3]
A male with the genotype ee had a child with a female with the genotype Ee. Complete the Punnett square to show the: • gametes of the male and the female • possible genotypes of the offspring from this cross • ratio of long eyelashes to short eyelashes in the offspring from this cross. male female The ratio of long eye...
See it on the paper → - 0610/41 · May/June 2025 · Q3c[2]
Meiosis produces gametes and is a source of genetic variation. State two other sources of genetic variation in populations.
See it on the paper → - 0610/41 · May/June 2025 · Q5a(iii)[2]
Suggest the groups with the most similar and least similar DNA base sequences to crocodiles in Fig. 5.1. most similar least similar
See it on the paper → - 0610/41 · May/June 2025 · Q5b[4]
Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.
See it on the paper → - 0610/41 · May/June 2025 · Q5c[3]
Outline how the base sequences in DNA control cell function.
See it on the paper → - 0610/42 · May/June 2025 · Q3b(i)[1]
Genes are found at specific positions on a biological molecule. State the name of this biological molecule.
See it on the paper →
What examiners said
Comprehensive responses • Most candidates gave the correct term ‘homozygous’. Limited responses • A few candidates gave the term ‘homogenous’.
— Examiner report, February/March 2026, 0610/42 Q5(a)(ii) (Cambridge)
Several sources of genetic variation in populations were stated. Vague responses such as sexual reproduction were not credited.
— Examiner report, May/June 2025, 0610/41 Q3(c) (Cambridge)
There was some confusion evident amongst candidates. Some tried to give two groups for each line. A small number of candidates mistakenly reversed the answers, giving sharks as the most similar and birds as the least similar.
— Examiner report, May/June 2025, 0610/41 Q5(a)(iii) (Cambridge)
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