Liberalism and Nationalism: past paper questions
Real questions on liberalism and nationalism
The newest 20 of 44 written questions. Open one to see it on the real paper.
- 9489/22 · May/June 2026 · Q7a[10]
Explain why the Meiji Restoration marked the beginning of the emergence of Japan as a significant power.
See it on the paper → - 9489/33 · May/June 2026 · Q3[40]
Read the extract and then answer the question. There has been a reconsideration of Stalin’s policy by a new generation of historians. Content removed due to copyright restrictions. But to deny that the alarm itself was sincere, or that Americans were not alone in perceiving it, is to distort what happened. Fear, after...
See it on the paper → - 9489/43 · May/June 2026 · Q8[30]
Assess the importance of ideological differences in creating tensions between the USA and the USSR in the period 1950 to 1963. Section C: International history, 1945–92
See it on the paper → - 9489/43 · May/June 2026 · Q9[30]
Assess the extent of Khrushchev’s commitment to peaceful co-existence.
See it on the paper → - 9489/12 · October/November 2025 · Q1a[15]
Read Source B and Source C. Compare and contrast these two sources as evidence about attitudes towards the spread of liberal ideas in German states in the 1830s.
See it on the paper → - 9489/12 · October/November 2025 · Q1b[25]
Read all of the sources. ‘The desire for German unity was the main cause of discontent in the German Confederation.’ How far do these sources agree? Section B: American option The origins of the Civil War, 1820–61.
See it on the paper → - 9489/22 · October/November 2025 · Q5b[20]
How far do you agree that Progressive reforms were more successful at state than at federal level?
See it on the paper → - 9489/42 · February/March 2025 · Q4[30]
Assess the reasons for the failure of the General Strike in Britain in 1926. Section B: The history of the USA, 1944–92
See it on the paper → - 9489/21 · October/November 2024 · Q1a[10]
Explain why Napoleon agreed to the Concordat of 1801.
See it on the paper → - 9489/21 · October/November 2024 · Q1b[20]
‘The failings of Louis XVI led to the storming of the Bastille.’ How far do you agree?
See it on the paper → - 9489/21 · October/November 2024 · Q2a[10]
Explain why Prussia went to war with Austria in 1866.
See it on the paper → - 9489/21 · October/November 2024 · Q2b[20]
How influential were liberal ideas in Germany by 1848?
See it on the paper → - 9489/21 · October/November 2024 · Q3a[10]
Explain why there was opposition in Russia to the Treaty of Brest–Litovsk.
See it on the paper → - 9489/21 · October/November 2024 · Q3b[20]
‘The repression of opposition was the reason the Tsar maintained his power, 1894–1914.’ How far do you agree? Section B: American option The history of the USA, 1820–1941
See it on the paper → - 9489/23 · October/November 2024 · Q2a[10]
Explain why the Carlsbad Decrees threatened the development of German nationalism.
See it on the paper → - 9489/41 · October/November 2024 · Q4[30]
Assess how influential pacifism was on British popular opinion in the period 1934–39. Section B: The USA, 1944–92
See it on the paper → - 9489/43 · October/November 2024 · Q9[30]
‘The Prague Spring brought an end to peaceful co‑existence.’ Discuss this view in relation to the period 1968–80.
See it on the paper → - 9489/21 · May/June 2024 · Q2a[10]
Explain why Prussia faced a constitutional crisis in 1862.
See it on the paper → - 9489/21 · May/June 2024 · Q2b[20]
How far did the humiliation of Olmütz establish a dominant position in Germany for Austria?
See it on the paper → - 9489/21 · May/June 2024 · Q3a[10]
Explain why Stolypin introduced his agricultural reforms.
See it on the paper →
What examiners said
Evaluate the reasons for the failure of the General Strike in Britain in 1926. Too few responses to this question were seen to make comments appropriate.
— Examiner report, February/March 2025, 9489/42 Q4 (Cambridge)
Explain why the Erfurt Union collapsed in 1850. Many responses struggled to explain what the Erfurt Union was and wrote instead about the Frankfurt Parliament of 1848–9. Strong responses were able to explain who was involved in the Union and why the withdrawal of Hannover and Saxony spelled the end of the proposal and were able to offer some reasons for Austrian action. However, even several of t...
— Examiner report, May/June 2023, 9489/23 Q2(a) (Cambridge)
‘Germany was unified under Prussian leadership because of errors made by France.’ How far do you agree? Strong responses wrote expansively about the role of Prussia, or more specifically Bismarck but balanced it with understanding of the part the French played in their own disastrous defeat in the war of 1870. These responses often led to effective overall judgements: ‘France undoubtedly made err...
— Examiner report, May/June 2023, 9489/23 Q2(b) (Cambridge)
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