Inference using normal and t-distributions: past paper questions
Real questions on inference using normal and t-distributions
The newest 20 of 105 written questions. Open one to see it on the real paper.
- 9231/41 · October/November 2025 · Q1a[5]
5-mark question — its maths and diagrams are best seen on the paper.
See it on the paper → - 9231/41 · October/November 2025 · Q1b[1]
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See it on the paper → - 9231/41 · October/November 2025 · Q2a[2]
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See it on the paper → - 9231/41 · October/November 2025 · Q2b[4]
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See it on the paper → - 9231/41 · October/November 2025 · Q3[4]
4-mark question — its maths and diagrams are best seen on the paper.
See it on the paper → - 9231/42 · October/November 2025 · Q2a[4]
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See it on the paper → - 9231/42 · October/November 2025 · Q2b[3]
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See it on the paper → - 9231/42 · October/November 2025 · Q3a[2]
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See it on the paper → - 9231/43 · October/November 2025 · Q1a[5]
5-mark question — its maths and diagrams are best seen on the paper.
See it on the paper → - 9231/43 · October/November 2025 · Q1b[1]
1-mark “Give” question — its maths and diagrams are best seen on the paper.
See it on the paper → - 9231/43 · October/November 2025 · Q3[4]
4-mark question — its maths and diagrams are best seen on the paper.
See it on the paper → - 9231/43 · October/November 2025 · Q6a[7]
7-mark question — its maths and diagrams are best seen on the paper.
See it on the paper → - 9231/21 · May/June 2025 · Q4a[5]
5-mark question — its maths and diagrams are best seen on the paper.
See it on the paper → - 9231/21 · May/June 2025 · Q4b[4]
4-mark question — its maths and diagrams are best seen on the paper.
See it on the paper → - 9231/41 · May/June 2025 · Q1[7]
7-mark question — its maths and diagrams are best seen on the paper.
See it on the paper → - 9231/41 · May/June 2025 · Q4a[6]
6-mark “Find” question — its maths and diagrams are best seen on the paper.
See it on the paper → - 9231/41 · May/June 2025 · Q4b[1]
1-mark “Use” question — its maths and diagrams are best seen on the paper.
See it on the paper → - 9231/42 · May/June 2025 · Q1[7]
7-mark question — its maths and diagrams are best seen on the paper.
See it on the paper → - 9231/42 · May/June 2025 · Q4a[6]
6-mark “Find” question — its maths and diagrams are best seen on the paper.
See it on the paper → - 9231/42 · May/June 2025 · Q4b[1]
1-mark “Use” question — its maths and diagrams are best seen on the paper.
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What examiners said
This question was answered well with most candidates successfully computing the correct statistic and comparing this with the correct tabular value. Sometimes there was confusion caused by the sign of the test statistic with comments such as ‘–1.44 < 1.833, accept H0’ seen. A common mistake was to have H1: µ > 4.22 and sometimes this confusion was repeated in the conclusion for the test.
— Examiner report, October/November 2023, 9231/41 Q1 (Cambridge)
Most candidates recognised the need to consider differences, but some were confused by the need to test for a reduction of at least 2 units. The null hypothesis ‘H0: µB – µE = 0’ was frequently seen, sometimes alongside the correct alternative hypothesis. It was also common to see the wrong tabular value selected or even a z-value. A small number of candidates failed to recognise the need for a pa...
— Examiner report, October/November 2023, 9231/41 Q3(a) (Cambridge)
Only a minority of candidates gave a satisfactory answer to this part. The assumption is that the distribution of the population differences is normal. Most candidates gave an incomplete statement with the generic answer ‘the distribution is normal’ being the most common.
— Examiner report, October/November 2023, 9231/41 Q3(b) (Cambridge)
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