The newest 20 of 16 written questions, plus 1 multiple-choice. Open one to see it on the real paper.
State the reagents and conditions for step 1.
See it on the paper →Describe the directing effect of the –NO 2 group. Explain your answer.
See it on the paper →The nitration of arenes uses a mixture of concentrated HNO 3 and concentrated H 2 SO 4 to generate the NO 2+ electrophile. Write an equation for the formation of the NO 2+ electrophile.
See it on the paper →Suggest reagents and conditions for reactions 1 and 2 in Fig. 8.1. reaction
See it on the paper →Separate samples of C 6 H 5 Br and C 6 H 5 CH 2 Br are added to warm AgNO 3 (aq). State the expected observations, if any. Explain your answer. C 6 H 5 Br with AgNO 3 (aq) C 6 H 5 CH 2 Br with AgNO 3 (aq) explanation
See it on the paper →Describe the directing effect of the –NO 2 group. Explain your answer.
See it on the paper →The nitration of arenes uses a mixture of concentrated HNO 3 and concentrated H 2 SO 4 to generate the NO 2+ electrophile. Write an equation for the formation of the NO 2+ electrophile.
See it on the paper →Draw the structures of 1,2-diethylbenzene and 1,4-diethylbenzene. 1,2-diethylbenzene 1,4-diethylbenzene
See it on the paper →Explain why there is very little 1,3-diethylbenzene in the product mixture.
See it on the paper →Complete the equation for this reaction between benzene and chlorine.
See it on the paper →The mechanism for this reaction is electrophilic substitution. Complete the following sentence. Write formulae in the gaps provided. During this reaction, the electrophile is and a atom
See it on the paper →Draw the structures of 1,2-diethylbenzene and 1,4-diethylbenzene. 1,2-diethylbenzene 1,4-diethylbenzene
See it on the paper →Explain why there is very little 1,3-diethylbenzene in the product mixture.
See it on the paper →Name the two products formed when phenol reacts with an excess of Br 2 (aq). and (b) (i)
See it on the paper →Draw the structures of the two isomeric organic products, with M r = 139, that are formed when phenol reacts with HNO 3 (aq) at room temperature.
See it on the paper →When methylbenzene reacts with an electrophile, a substitution reaction occurs. No addition reaction takes place under these conditions. Explain why no addition reaction takes place.
See it on the paper →State the C–C–C bond angle and the hybridisation shown by the carbon atoms in benzene. bond angle hybridisation
See it on the paper →The first step in the reaction is the generation of the + CH 2 CH 3 electrophile. Write an equation for the reaction that generates this electrophile.
See it on the paper →Describe the mechanism for the reaction between benzene and the + CH 2 CH 3 electrophile. Include all relevant curly arrows and charges. intermediate H H +C C H H → products → H
See it on the paper →Identify the reagents and conditions used for the two steps of the reaction. step step
See it on the paper →This was not well known and proved difficult for candidates.
— Examiner report, May/June 2023, 9701/42 Q5(b) (Cambridge)
Those who had learned the electrophilic substitution mechanism found this to be accessible. Common errors included: • an incorrect structure of the intermediate – the partly delocalised ring should not include the sp3 carbon, and positive charge should not be on the sp3 carbon • the curly arrow in the intermediate starting on the H not on the C-H bond • no H+ ion was shown at the end of the mechan...
— Examiner report, October/November 2022, 9701/41 Q8(b)(ii) (Cambridge)
Most candidates were able to identify the correct reagents and conditions.
— Examiner report, October/November 2022, 9701/43 Q7(c)(i) (Cambridge)
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