Electronegativity and bonding: past paper questions
Real questions on electronegativity and bonding
The newest 20 of 63 written questions. Open one to see it on the real paper.
- 9701/22 · October/November 2025 · Q3b[2]
Give two reasons to explain the general unreactivity of alkanes.
See it on the paper → - 9701/41 · October/November 2025 · Q7d(ii)[1]
Give the reagents and conditions for step 1.
See it on the paper → - 9701/41 · October/November 2025 · Q8a(i)[1]
Describe the directing effect of the –NO 2 group. Explain your answer.
See it on the paper → - 9701/41 · October/November 2025 · Q8a(ii)[1]
The nitration of arenes uses a mixture of concentrated HNO 3 and concentrated H 2 SO 4 to generate the NO 2+ electrophile. Write an equation for the formation of the NO 2+ electrophile.
See it on the paper → - 9701/43 · October/November 2025 · Q7d(ii)[1]
Give the reagents and conditions for step 1.
See it on the paper → - 9701/43 · October/November 2025 · Q8a(i)[1]
Describe the directing effect of the –NO 2 group. Explain your answer.
See it on the paper → - 9701/43 · October/November 2025 · Q8a(ii)[1]
The nitration of arenes uses a mixture of concentrated HNO 3 and concentrated H 2 SO 4 to generate the NO 2+ electrophile. Write an equation for the formation of the NO 2+ electrophile.
See it on the paper → - 9701/43 · October/November 2025 · Q8b(ii)[2]
Suggest reagents and conditions for reactions 1 and 2 in Fig. 8.1. reaction
See it on the paper → - 9701/22 · May/June 2025 · Q4b(i)[1]
Name the type of reaction that occurs in step 1.
See it on the paper → - 9701/22 · May/June 2025 · Q4b(ii)[1]
Identify the reagent and conditions required in step 2.
See it on the paper → - 9701/22 · May/June 2025 · Q4b(iii)[2]
Construct an equation to describe the reaction of butanenitrile with NaOH(aq) in step 3.
See it on the paper → - 9701/22 · May/June 2025 · Q4b(iv)[1]
Name the type of reaction that occurs in step 3.
See it on the paper → - 9701/22 · May/June 2025 · Q4c(i)[1]
Identify the type of hybridisation shown in the saturated carbon atoms of all alcohols.
See it on the paper → - 9701/22 · February/March 2025 · Q1a(i)[2]
Complete Table 1.1. compound oxidation number of P oxidation number of Cl PCl 3 PCl 5 Table 1.1
See it on the paper → - 9701/22 · February/March 2025 · Q3a(i)[1]
Complete Table 3.1.
See it on the paper → - 9701/22 · February/March 2025 · Q3a(ii)[2]
The bond energy values in Table 3.1 refer to the X—X bond where X is the halogen. Explain the trend in the bond strength of the X—X bond in the halogens.
See it on the paper → - 9701/42 · February/March 2025 · Q1d(i)[2]
Explain the trend in the first electron affinities of the halogens, Cl to I.
See it on the paper → - 9701/42 · February/March 2025 · Q5b(i)[1]
Name the mechanism involved in the Friedel–Crafts alkylation shown in Fig. 5.2. (i)
See it on the paper → - 9701/42 · February/March 2025 · Q5b(ii)[1]
The first step of the reaction forms the (CH 3 ) 2 CH + cation. Identify a suitable reagent for the formation of this cation from 2-bromopropane, (CH 3 ) 2 CHBr.
See it on the paper → - 9701/42 · February/March 2025 · Q5b(iii)[3]
Complete Fig. 5.3 to show the mechanism for the reaction of benzene with the (CH 3 ) 2 CH + cation. Include all relevant curly arrows and charges. intermediate (CH 3 ) 2 CH + +
See it on the paper →
What examiners said
This was generally well answered. The most common errors were –3 and –5 for the oxidation state of chlorine.
— Examiner report, February/March 2025, 9701/22 Q1(a)(i) (Cambridge)
Candidates often confused liquid bromine and bromine water, and even more common was the suggestion of iodine as a purple substance in various different states. Many candidates omitted the state of matter.
— Examiner report, February/March 2025, 9701/22 Q3(a)(i) (Cambridge)
Very many answers confused bond energy and ionisation energy when trying to explain the pattern of data.
— Examiner report, February/March 2025, 9701/22 Q3(a)(ii) (Cambridge)
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