The newest 20 of 23 written questions. Open one to see it on the real paper.
Why was Napoleon III interested in Italy?
See it on the paper →‘The war of 1859 against Austria was the most important conflict in the struggle for Italian unification.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.
See it on the paper →Why was Charles Albert important in 1848–49?
See it on the paper →Why did Garibaldi go to Sicily in 1860?
See it on the paper →‘Cavour was an Italian nationalist.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.
See it on the paper →Why were events in the Balkans important in the period 1908 to 1914?
See it on the paper →How far was Cavour more important than Napoleon III in the achievement of Italian unification? Explain your answer.
See it on the paper →Why did Cavour resign in 1859?
See it on the paper →How important was Garibaldi’s Sicilian campaign to Italian unification? Explain your answer.
See it on the paper →Describe the attitude of Pope Pius IX to revolutionary events in Italy in 1848.
See it on the paper →Why was Louis Philippe overthrown in February 1848?
See it on the paper →Why was the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 important for Italian unification?
See it on the paper →‘Garibaldi was the most important individual in the achievement of Italian unification.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.
See it on the paper →‘The defeat of the Kingdom of Naples in 1860 was the most important step towards Italian unification.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.
See it on the paper →Why did events in Italy matter to Austria?
See it on the paper →Why was Piedmont’s involvement in the Crimean War important for unification?
See it on the paper →Who contributed more to Italian unification, Mazzini or Garibaldi? Explain your answer.
See it on the paper →‘Rome was central to the Italian struggle for unification.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.
See it on the paper →Why were there challenges to the existing regimes in Italy in 1848?
See it on the paper →Study Sources C and D. How far does Source D prove that Charles Albert was lying in Source C? Explain your answer using details of the sources and your knowledge.
See it on the paper →The most common way of answering this question was to focus on the fact that Charles Albert promised his immediate support in Source C, but in Source D he claimed that he was not ready and was very slow to act. Candidates used this difference as proof that Charles Albert was lying in Source C. Some also compared his show of enthusiasm for ‘Italian brotherhood’ in C with his rejection of popular su...
— Examiner report, May/June 2021, 2147/22 Q2 (Cambridge)
The key to answering this question well was to consider Mazzini’s message in the context of November 1848. By this time it is not surprising to see Mazzini feeling frustrated because of the defeat of Charles Albert and the change of mind by Pope Pius and King Ferdinand. Most candidates were able to explain Mazzini’s message but tended to set this in the very general context of 1848, rather than sp...
— Examiner report, May/June 2021, 2147/22 Q3 (Cambridge)
This question produced a wide range of responses, but most candidates were able to demonstrate at least some understanding of the cartoon ‘The Reckoning’. The best answers focused on the purpose of publication in the context of the time. The context being that the Treaty of Versailles had yet to be signed, but negotiations were well underway and the purpose being to justify the reparations bill to...
— Examiner report, May/June 2021, 2147/23 Q2 (Cambridge)
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